@article { ISI:000242325700021,
	title = {Surface emitting terahertz quantum cascade laser with a double-metal waveguide},
	journal = {Optics Express},
	volume = {14},
	number = {24},
	year = {2006},
	month = {NOV 27},
	pages = {11672-11680},
	publisher = {OPTICAL SOC AMER},
	type = {Article},
	address = {2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
	abstract = {We investigate the implementation of surface emission via a second order grating in terahertz quantum cascade lasers with double-metal waveguides. Absorbing edge structures are designed to enforce antireflecting boundary conditions, which ensure distributed feedback in the cavity. The grating duty cycle is chosen in order to maximize slope efficiency. Fabricated devices demonstrate surface emission output powers that are comparable to those measured from edge-emitting double metal waveguide structures without gratings. The slope efficiency of surface emitting lasers is twice that of double-metal edge emitting structures. Surface emitting lasers show single mode behavior, with a beam divergence along the laser ridge of approximately six degrees. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.},
	issn = {1094-4087},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.14.011672},
	author = {Fan, Jonathan A. and Belkin, Mikhail A. and Federico Capasso and Khanna, Suraj and Lachab, Mohamed and Davies, A. Giles and Linfield, Edmund H.}
}
