@article { ISI:000345723800079,
	title = {Electrically Tunable Metasurface Perfect Absorbers for Ultrathin Mid-Infrared Optical Modulators},
	journal = {NANO LETTERS},
	volume = {14},
	number = {11},
	year = {2014},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {6526-6532},
	publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
	type = {Article},
	address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
	abstract = {Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces open up unprecedented opportunities in applications such as high capacity communications, dynamic beam shaping, hyperspectral imaging, and adaptive optics. The realization of high performance metasurface-based devices remains a great challenge due to very limited tuning ranges and modulation depths. Here we show that a widely tunable metasurface composed of optical antennas on graphene can be incorporated into a subwavelength-thick optical cavity to create an electrically tunable perfect absorber. By switching the absorber in and out of the critical coupling condition via the gate voltage applied on graphene, a modulation depth of up to 100\% can be achieved. In particular, we demonstrated ultrathin (thickness \&lt; lambda(0)/10) high speed (up to 20 GHz) optical modulators over a broad wavelength range (5-7 mu m). The operating wavelength can be scaled from the near-infrared to the terahertz by simply tailoring the metasurface and cavity dimensions.},
	keywords = {electrically tunale, graphene, Metasurface perfect absorbers, mid-infrared optoelectonics, optical modulators},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	doi = {10.1021/nl503104n},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503104n},
	author = {Yao, Yu and Shankar, Raji and Mikhail A. Kats and Song, Yi and Kong, Jing and Loncar, Marko and Federico Capasso}
}
