@article { ISI:000496506600021,
	title = {Compact single-shot metalens depth sensors inspired by eyes of jumping spiders},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States},
	volume = {116},
	number = {46},
	year = {2019},
	month = {NOV 12},
	pages = {22959-22965},
	publisher = {NATL ACAD SCIENCES},
	type = {Article},
	address = {2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA},
	abstract = {Jumping spiders (Salticidae) rely on accurate depth perception for predation and navigation. They accomplish depth perception, despite their tiny brains, by using specialized optics. Each principal eye includes a multitiered retina that simultaneously receives multiple images with different amounts of defocus, and from these images, distance is decoded with relatively little computation. We introduce a compact depth sensor that is inspired by the jumping spider. It combines metalens optics, which modifies the phase of incident light at a subwavelength scale, with efficient computations to measure depth from image defocus. Instead of using a multitiered retina to transduce multiple simultaneous images, the sensor uses a metalens to split the light that passes through an aperture and concurrently form 2 differently defocused images at distinct regions of a single planar photosensor. We demonstrate a system that deploys a 3-mm-diameter metalens to measure depth over a 10-cm distance range, using fewer than 700 floating point operations per output pixel. Compared with previous passive depth sensors, our metalens depth sensor is compact, single-shot, and requires a small amount of computation. This integration of nanophotonics and efficient computation brings artificial depth sensing closer to being feasible on millimeter-scale, microwatts platforms such as microrobots and microsensor networks.},
	keywords = {depth sensor, jumping spider, Metalens},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1912154116},
	author = {Guo, Qi and Zhujun Shi and Yao-Wei Huang and Alexander, Emma and Cheng-Wei Qiu and Federico Capasso and Todd Zickler}
}
